Suchergebnisse

Am Beispiel Leipzigs werden die Effekte der strukturellen Veränderungen und der zunehmenden Verschärfung des Standortwettbewerbs untersucht. Leipzig ist von besonderem Interesse, weil die Stadt traditionell ein Ort des Wissens und des Handels war; dies sind Faktoren bzw. Aktivitäten, denen gerade unter den heutigen Bedingungen des Standortwettbewerbs eine besondere Bedeutung zukommt. Aktuell verfügt Leipzig zwar über eine gute Ausstattung bei wichtigen Potenzialfaktoren. Hinsichtlich des wirtschaftlichen Ergebnisses hat die Stadt jedoch bislang nicht wieder die Position erreichen können, welche sie vor dem Zweiten Weltkrieg innehatte. Hierbei spielen die Folgen von Planwirtschaft und Systemtransformation ebenso eine Rolle wie die Veränderungen im Standortwettbewerb. Besonders deutlich wird der Einfluss dieser Veränderungen in Leipzig u. a. darin, dass die Stadt sich - wie andere Städte auch - 'moderner' wirtschaftspolitischer Strategien (Clusterförderung, Amenity-Strategie, Metropolregionsstrategie) bedient. ; The example of Leipzig is used to investigate the effects of structural changes and increasingly intense locational competition. Leipzig is particularly interesting because the city was traditionally a location for knowledge and trade, factors and/or activities that are being assigned particular significance under present day conditions of locational competition. Leipzig is currently well equipped with important potential factors. However, in terms of economic results the city has not yet been able to regain the position it occupied before the Second World War. In this context the consequences of the command economy and system transformation have played just as important a role as the changes in locational competition. The influence of these changes in Leipzig is made particularly clear by, among other things, the way in which the city - in common with other cities too - applies 'modern' economic policy strategies (cluster promotion, amenity strategy, metropolitan region strategy).

In the context of the revision of the EU Ambient Air Qualitiy Directive (2008/50/EC), measurement of ultrafine particles (UFP) in ambient air is proposed and discussed. To investigate the local ambient UFP concentration (immis- sion), exploratory measurements of air pollution with UFPs were performed over several months in a residential area. The measurement device is based on charge detection of the measurement aerosol (AQ Guard Smart 2000 of the manufacturer Palas®). The background particle concentrations are within the typical background level for rural residential areas (3,000 to 5,000 cm-3). Increased UFP concentration levels were predominantly measured during the evening and the night. On 53 days of the total measurement duration of 101 days increased par- ticle concentrations above the background level (at least 6,000 cm-3) regarding the 15-minute average values were measured for at least one hour during the evening and night (16:00 to 0:00). The main source of the increased particle concentra- tion is the operation of woodstoves in the neighbourhood of the measuring location. This air pollution in the evening hours is not reflected in the context of daily or monthly averages. Other pollution sources (barbecue, new-years fireworks, traffic – different measurement location) were also identified and differences of the mean particle diameter of the ambient aerosol with regards to the background level (80 nm) could be determined. The device is suitable for UFP measurements and offers a lower detectable size-range compared to conventional scattered-light based optical particle counters.

Public health initiatives aim to improve health outcomes for populations by preventing disease and ill-health consequences of environmental hazards and natural or human-made disasters. Whilst public health initiatives have been used successfully to modify behaviours for chronic diseases, many initiatives targeting reduced dementia risk in older adults suffer from conceptual and statistical flaws that greatly limit their usefulness. The limited success in modifying lifestyle dementia risk factors has led us to fall short in building a successful roadmap to dementia risk reduction. Here we argue for adopting a population-level, holistic approach to dementia risk reduction strategies across the lifespan. This approach is supplemented by 10 strategies that focus on improving social policies, harnessing existing policy, legislature and incentive schemes, and identifying feasible approaches to increase recreational and transport-related physical activity to creating best practice health care that supports healthy brain ageing for all.

Am Beispiel Leipzigs werden die Effekte der strukturellen Veränderungen und der zunehmenden Verschärfung des Standortwettbewerbs untersucht. Leipzig ist von besonderem Interesse, weil die Stadt traditionell ein Ort des Wissens und des Handels war; dies sind Faktoren bzw. Aktivitäten, denen gerade unter den heutigen Bedingungen des Standortwettbewerbs eine besondere Bedeutung zukommt. Aktuell verfügt Leipzig zwar über eine gute Ausstattung bei wichtigen Potenzialfaktoren. Hinsichtlich des wirtschaftlichen Ergebnisses hat die Stadt jedoch bislang nicht wieder die Position erreichen können, welche sie vor dem Zweiten Weltkrieg innehatte. Hierbei spielen die Folgen von Planwirtschaft und Systemtransformation ebenso eine Rolle wie die Veränderungen im Standortwettbewerb. Besonders deutlich wird der Einfluss dieser Veränderungen in Leipzig u.a. darin, dass die Stadt sich - wie andere Städte auch - "moderner" wirtschaftspolitischer Strategien (Clusterförderung, Amenity-Strategie, Metropolregionsstrategie) bedient.

Introduction: Sedentary time has been associated with detrimental health effects, so in some countries, guidelines to reduce sedentary time have been developed. As reducing sedentary time inevitably results in more nonsedentary time, effects of this reduction may depend on the activity with which it is replaced. Purpose: This study aimed to examine associations of theoretical reallocations of sedentary time to standing or stepping with cardiometabolic outcomes and type 2 diabetes. Methods: We included 2213 participants (51% men, mean +/- SD age = 60.0 +/- 8.1 yr) of the Maastricht Study who were asked to wear an accelerometer 24 h.d(-1) for a week. We calculated daily sedentary, standing, and stepping time. An isotemporal substitution modeling approach was applied to examine effects on waist circumference; body mass index; cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose, and insulin levels; metabolic syndrome; and type 2 diabetes. Results: Replacement of sedentary time (30 min.d(-1)) with stepping was associated with lower odds for metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66-0.78) and type 2 diabetes (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.72-0.87), more favorable waist circumference (B = -1.42, 95% CI = -1.78 to -1.06), and body mass index (B = -0.48, 95% CI = -0.62 to -0.35) and improved cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose, and insulin levels. Replacing sedentary time with standing was associated with lower odds for metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes and favorable outcomes in waist circumference, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and insulin levels. Conclusion: Theoretical replacements of sedentary time with nonsedentary time (both standing and stepping) were associated with lower odds for metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and beneficial metabolic outcomes. These results could be important for the general population, including those who cannot meet physical activity guidelines. Consideration should be given to developing recommendations for daily reallocating sedentary time. ; This study was supported by the European Regional Development Fund via OP-Zuid, the Province of Limburg, the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs (grant no. 31O.041), Stichting De Weijerhorst (Maastricht, the Netherlands), the Pearl String Initiative Diabetes (Amsterdam, the Netherlands), the Cardiovascular Center (CVC, Maastricht, the Netherlands), CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (Maastricht, the Netherlands), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care (Maastricht, the Netherlands), NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (Maastricht, the Netherlands), Stichting Annadal (Maastricht, the Netherlands), and Health Foundation Limburg (Maastricht, the Netherlands) and by unrestricted grants from Janssen-Cilag B.V. (Tilburg, the Netherlands), Novo Nordisk Farma B.V. (Alphen aan den Rijn, the Netherlands), and Sanofi-Aventis Netherlands B.V. (Gouda, the Netherlands). A Koster has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG) under grant agreement PCIG09-GA-2011-293621.